Why do women have their periods? What are women’s normal physiological activities?

　　Menstruation is also called "menstrual period", which is the period of adulthood. female Normal physiological activities, after a girl enters puberty, every 28 days or so Uterus Periodic bleeding occurs, which is menstruation. After menstruation begins in puberty, a normal woman will have regular menstrual cycles except during pregnancy and lactation. menopause . So why do women menstruate? How do women take care of themselves during their menstrual period? Next, I will introduce them one by one for your reference.

　　Why do women menstruate?

　　This is related to the cyclic changes of the endometrium. The endometrium is divided into two layers. The surface layer is called the functional layer. The changes of the menstrual cycle mainly occur in this layer. This layer must be shed and repaired every menstrual cycle.； The layer close to the muscles is called the basal layer. After the functional layer falls off during the menstrual cycle, a new functional layer is generated from this layer.

　　The endometrium undergoes seasonal changes with the ovulation of the ovary. After a girl is born, there are many primordial follicles in the ovary. After entering puberty, one follicle usually matures every month. The eggs in mature follicles are discharged from the ovaries into the abdominal cavity, which is called ovulation. The day of ovulation is generally about 14 days before the next menstruation.

　　Before ovulation, the ovary produces estrogen during the development of follicles. The endometrium is affected by estrogen and gradually thickens to about 2 mm. At this time, the glands in the endometrium grow, the arteries become thicker and curved, and the connective tissue proliferates. After the follicle ruptures and releases the egg, it immediately shrinks to form the corpus luteum. In addition to estrogen, the corpus luteum also secretes progesterone. Under the action of estrogen and progesterone, the endometrium continues to thicken to about 5 mm. At this time, the endometrial glands further grow, the secretions of gland cells increase, the arteries become more dilated and congested, and the fluid in the connective tissue increases.

　　This change in the endometrium is to prepare for the entry of the egg after fertilization. If the egg is fertilized, the fertilized egg will be implanted (implanted) in the soft, thick, and vascular endometrium, and the endometrium will continue to grow and develop. At the same time, under the action of the corpus luteum, it will not fall off, and there will be no menstruation.

　　If the egg is not fertilized, the corpus luteum will gradually degenerate, the secretion of estrogen and progesterone will decrease sharply, and the endometrium will suddenly lose the role of hormones. The blood vessels will continue to contract, causing ischemia of the functional layer of the endometrium, causing tissue necrosis. Then the arteries will expand, causing acute congestion of the capillaries, and the necrotic functional layer of the endometrium will peel off and be discharged together with blood and mucus secreted by the cervix. This is menstruation.

　　The menstrual period usually lasts 3 to 5 days. During this period, the functional layer of the endometrium peels off, causing intrauterine wounds. 6 to 14 days after menstruation, the basal epithelial cells of the endometrium divide and proliferate, move toward the ulcerated wound, and gradually repair and form new functional layers. At this time, there are new egg cells in the ovary that are growing, maturing, ovulating, corpus luteum appearing, and producing sex hormones, causing the endometrium to proliferate, peel off, and bleed again, thus causing another menstruation. The ovaries discharge once a month, which results in menstruation once a month.

　　How do women take care of themselves during menstruation?

　　1. Try to ensure adequate sleep time, eat less greasy food, and eat more spinach, soybeans and other foods rich in phytoestrogens and iron to improve skin quality.

　　2. Menstruating women skin The absorption of fruit acids is strong, so eating more fruits during this period can effectively protect you from the sun.

　　3. When menstruation enters the later stage, the metabolism in the body accelerates, which is the best period for detoxification. During this period, press Yongquan and Zusanli more to promote detoxification.

　　4. It is best to avoid wearing makeup. If you must wear makeup, use light makeup. Focus on using hypoallergenic physical sunscreens containing titanium dioxide and other ingredients to prevent the proliferation of spots.

　　5. The rapid rise in hormone levels in the body during menstruation will make the skin delicate and smooth, and the pores will shrink or even disappear. At this time, hydrating the skin can achieve twice the result with half the effort.

　　6. It is important to maintain a happy mood and emotional stability during menstruation. Changes in women's endocrine hormone levels during menstruation will directly or indirectly affect their mental state and learning efficiency. Maintaining a cheerful mood during menstruation can effectively alleviate a series of symptoms caused by this tension.

　　7. You can work, study, and perform general physical labor as usual during the menstrual period. This can ensure blood circulation in the pelvic cavity, thereby reducing back pain and lower abdominal discomfort, and avoiding strenuous and heavy mental and physical labor. Also make sure you get enough sleep to stay energetic.

　　8. Correctly record the start date, duration and other changes that occur during the menstrual period. In order to understand whether your menstruation is regular and whether any abnormalities (such as pregnancy, miscarriage) have occurred, it is helpful to monitor your own changes and prevent and treat various Gynecology disease。