River Orchiepididymitis refers to the inflammatory reaction of the testicles and epididymis, which is usually caused by factors such as bacterial infection, urinary reflux, or sexually transmitted diseases. It mainly manifests symptoms such as scrotal pain, swelling, and fever.
1. Bacterial infection
Bacterial infection is the most common cause of testicular epididymitis, and pathogens may retrogradely infect the epididymis and testicles through the urethra. Escherichia coli, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Chlamydia are common pathogenic bacteria. Patients may experience scrotal redness, swelling, heat and pain, painful urination, and urethral discharge. Treatment requires the use of antibiotics as directed by your doctor, such as levofloxacin tablets, cefixime dispersible tablets or azithromycin capsules. In the acute stage, bed rest and scrotal elevation are required.
2. Urine reflux
Reflux of urine into the vas deferens during urination may cause chemical irritation and secondary infection. This condition is common in patients with prostatic hyperplasia or urethral stricture, and may be accompanied by symptoms such as difficulty urinating, frequent urination and urgency. Treatment needs to relieve urinary tract obstruction. Tamsulosin hydrochloride sustained-release capsules or finasteride tablets can be used as directed by the doctor. Severe cases require surgical correction.
3. Sexually transmitted diseases
Gonorrhea or chlamydia infection can be transmitted to the epididymis through sexual contact and is more common in sexually active young people. Typical symptoms include urethral discharge, testicular tenderness, and inguinal lymphadenopathy. The diagnosis requires pathogen detection, treatment requires ceftriaxone sodium injection combined with doxycycline tablets as directed by the doctor, and sexual partners need to be treated simultaneously.
4. Traumatic factors
Direct impact or straddle injuries to the scrotal area may result in local tissue damage and secondary infection. The clinical manifestations are sudden severe pain, scrotal congestion and difficulty walking. In the acute stage, cold compress can be used for relief and then hot compress can be used. If infection occurs, amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium tablets must be used as directed by the doctor. If a hematoma forms, surgical drainage is required.
5. Immune factors
Abnormal autoimmune responses may trigger non-infectious inflammation, often seen in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus or Behcet's disease. Symptoms are chronic and recurring and may be accompanied by mouth ulcers or joint pain. Treatment needs to control the primary disease. Prednisone tablets or azathioprine tablets can be used as directed by the doctor. For local pain, diclofenac sodium sustained-release tablets can be used for a short period of time.
Patients with testicular epididymitis should avoid prolonged sitting and strenuous exercise, and wear loose cotton underwear to reduce friction. In the acute stage, you can eat diuretic foods such as winter melon and barley, but avoid eating alcohol and spicy irritants. Daily warm water sitz baths can help relieve symptoms. If you develop high fever or red scrotal skin, seek medical attention immediately. During treatment, sexual intercourse is prohibited until the symptoms completely disappear. Patients with repeated attacks need to check for structural abnormalities in the urinary system.
