Basic first aid skills test question bank and answers

1. What is the compression-to-ventilation ratio for adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)? Answer: 30:2 (single rescue)

2. What are the compression frequency and depth of CPR? Answer: Frequency 100-120 times/min, depth 5-6cm

3. What is the preferred first aid method for adults with foreign body airway obstruction (awake state)? Answer: Heimlich maneuver. The rescuer stands behind the patient, puts his fist two fingers above the navel, and thrusts inward and upward.

4. Pregnant women who have airway foreign body obstruction cannot perform the conventional Heimlich maneuver when they are awake. What should they do? Answer: Impact the midpoint of the line connecting the nipples on both sides of the chest, or use sitting/semi-recumbent position to press

5. What is the correct treatment immediately after a burn or scald? Answer: Immediately rinse the wound with running water at 10-20℃ for 15-30 minutes, take off the adhering clothing on the wound surface, and do not apply toothpaste, soy sauce, safflower oil and other substances

6. What is the correct order of treatment after being scratched and broken by a cat or dog that has not been vaccinated against rabies? Answer: Rinse alternately with running water and soapy water for more than 15 minutes, disinfect with iodophor, and go to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention within 24 hours to receive rabies vaccine. If the wound is deep, additional injection of rabies immune globulin is required.

7. When an adult suffers from acute myocardial infarction, which of the following actions is wrong: A. Help the patient walk to the hospital B. Let the patient lie down and stop moving C. Dial 120 D. Inhale oxygen if possible Answer: A

8. What is the correct treatment for an epileptic seizure? Answer: Lie the patient on his side with his head tilted to one side. Remove sharp objects from the surrounding area to avoid bumping. Do not forcefully press the limbs or put anything in the mouth. Wait until the attack is over and send him to the hospital.

9. In case of severe bleeding due to trauma at the scene, what is the preferred method to stop bleeding? Answer: Direct compression to stop bleeding, use clean gauze and towel to press on the bleeding point and apply continuous pressure

10. When using a tourniquet to stop upper limb bleeding, where should the tourniquet be tied? Answer: The upper 1/3 of the upper arm, avoiding the location of the nerves, relax for 1-2 minutes every 40-50 minutes to avoid limb ischemia and necrosis.

11. What is the operating sequence of the automated external defibrillator (AED)? Answer: Turn on the phone, follow the prompts to attach the electrode pads, plug in the wires, wait for the instrument to analyze the heart rhythm, and when prompted for defibrillation, ensure that no one touches the patient, and press the defibrillation button

12. What is the first thing to judge when performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation? Answer: Determine the patient's consciousness and breathing, pat and exhale gently and observe the rise and fall of the chest. If there is no reaction or breathing, start rescue immediately.

13. Which of the following situations is not suitable for cardiopulmonary resuscitation? A. Coma due to electric shock B. Asphyxiation by drowning C. Falling to the ground due to myocardial infarction D. Severe chest trauma and rib fractures Answer: D

14. What is the correct treatment when you accidentally swallow corrosive poisons (such as toilet cleaning liquid)? Answer: Do not induce vomiting. Take milk or egg white orally immediately to protect the gastric mucosa and seek medical attention quickly.

15. What should be the first treatment for patients with heat stroke and high fever? Answer: Quickly move to a cool and ventilated place, take off excess clothing, bathe with warm water or apply ice to cool down, and add light salt water

16. What is the correct treatment within 48 hours after an ankle sprain? Answer: Rest, apply ice, apply pressure bandage, elevate the affected limb, do not massage or apply heat

17. If someone gets electrocuted, what should be the first step? Answer: Cut off the power supply immediately, or use dry wooden sticks, bamboo poles and other insulating objects to separate the wires. Never directly pull the electric shock victim with your hands.

18. If children have airway obstruction caused by foreign bodies, what methods can be used when they are conscious? Answer: If you are under 1 year old, use back patting and chest compression. If you are over 1 year old, use the Heimlich maneuver.

19. What is the correct treatment for nose bleeding? Answer: Lean forward and press both sides of the nose for 5-10 minutes. Do not raise your head or stuff tissue paper.

20. What should you do first when you find someone unconscious and lying on the ground? Answer: Confirm that the scene environment is safe to avoid secondary injuries to the injured and rescuers

Don't think these questions are too basic. Last year, there was a trainee from a tertiary hospital who practiced CPR no less than ten times. In the theory test, the compression-ventilation ratio was still recorded as 15:2, which was 2 points short of passing. I couldn't find a way to correct the test when I came back - 15:2 is the ratio of two-person rescue for children, and 30:2 for single adults. It's really not good to remember it wrong.

It’s not that the examiner is deliberately making things difficult. These questions correspond to the scenarios with the highest incidence of pre-hospital first aid. Among the 120 police cases our center received last year, cardiac arrest, foreign body stuck in the throat, and traumatic bleeding accounted for 42%. The exams are all things that can be used on the scene.

Of course, many candidates have asked me, some questions seem to be covered differently in different textbooks. Is it controversial? It really does exist, and I’ll explain it clearly here to avoid getting into trouble in the exam:

For example, should CPR touch the carotid artery first? The old version of the guideline requires touch, but after 2020, the AHA (American Heart Association) guideline deleted this step, saying that it is difficult for ordinary people to accurately judge carotid artery pulse, which will delay rescue time. However, many domestic official examinations still retain the "judgment" For the steps of "interrupting consciousness - judging breathing - judging carotid pulse", if you are taking the domestic Red Cross first aid certificate and medical staff position assessment, you should answer according to the domestic requirements. If you are taking the internationally recognized first aid certificate, just follow the latest guidelines of the AHA.

Can I apply povidone iodine to burns and scalds? Many old textbooks said not to do it for fear of pigmentation, but the latest clinical guidelines say that burns and scalds below the second degree can be disinfected with iodophor after rinsing, as long as no colored traditional Chinese medicine paste, toothpaste or the like is applied. During the exam, if there is "disinfection with iodine" in the option, you can choose it.

Let me tell you a funny thing. Last year, an aunt in the community took the first aid certificate test. When answering the question, she wrote, "Everyone who applies toothpaste to burns and scalds is an old man. I applied it to my grandson before, and it left a scar." She was right, but I still deducted points. After all, the exam requires standardized statements, and you can't write down your parents' relatives.

If you are taking the practical test, I would like to mention two more things. Don’t just practice the movements. Remember a few points that are easy to lose points: before doing CPR, you must first shout “Here! Call 120! Get an AED! ”, this step counts for points. Many people kneel down and press the button when they get nervous. They forget to call for help and lose 10 points. When I was invigilating the exam, I couldn’t help but want to remind you. ； When taking the Heimlich test, you must stand behind the patient, not in front of him. Last year, a candidate stood in front of the patient and yelled at him, and he failed the test. Think about it, if you stand in front of the patient and block the patient from leaning forward, how will the foreign object fall out?

In fact, to put it bluntly, the basic first aid exam is not to get stuck at all. It is just to let everyone remember these most basic skills and not panic when something happens. These questions can not only be used in the exam, but also if you encounter someone who has fainted on the road or a child who has jelly stuck, if you dare to step forward and reach out, it will be more useful than getting 100 points in the exam.