Whole scorpion

　　The whole scorpion is the dried body of the East Asian scorpion Buthus martensii Karsch. Mainly produced in Henan, Shandong, Hubei, Anhui and other places. Those caught between Qingming and Guyu are called "spring scorpions". They do not eat soil at this time and are of better quality; those that produce more in summer are called "falling scorpions". Scorpions are usually raised in autumn and harvested every other year. Wild scorpions are caught from late spring to early autumn. After catching, first immerse them in clean water, wait until they spit out the soil, put them in boiling water or boiling salt water, cook until the whole body is stiff, take them out, put them in a ventilated place, and dry them in the shade.

　　[Properties] Pungent, flat. poisonous. Returns to liver meridian.

　　[Efficacy] Extinguishes wind and relieves spasm, attacks toxins and dissipates stagnation, unblocks collaterals and relieves pain.

　　【application】

　　1. Spasm and twitching. This product mainly enters the liver meridian and has good channeling properties. It not only calms liver wind, but also removes wind and unblocks collaterals. It has good effects of extinguishing wind and relieving spasm. It is an important medicine for treating spasms and convulsions. It is used to treat convulsions and convulsions caused by various causes. It is often used with centipede, namely Zhijing San ("Experience Prescription"); if it is used to treat acute convulsions, high fever, coma, and convulsions in children, it is often used with antelope horn, Uncaria, and It is compatible with heat-clearing and wind-relieving drugs such as Gastrodia elata; for treating chronic convulsions and convulsions in children, it is often used with Codonopsis pilosula, Atractylodes, Gastrodia elata and other qi-enhancing and spleen-replenishing drugs; for treating epilepsy and convulsions caused by phlegm, it can be used in equal parts with turmeric and alumen. Grind it finely and take it; if it is used to treat tetanus spasms, convulsions and opisthotonus, it can also be combined with centipede, aroids, cicadas, etc., such as Wuhu Zhuifeng Powder (Guangzhou College of Traditional Chinese Medicine's Prescriptions); or with centipede, The compatibility of Uncaria and Cinnabar, such as Shefeng Powder ("Principles of Syndrome and Treatment"); for the treatment of wind meridians and oblique mouth and eyes, it can be used in the same way as White Bombyx and White Aconite, such as Qianzheng Powder ("Yang's Prescription").

　　2. Sores, swelling and poison, scrofula and tuberculosis. It tastes pungent and poisonous, so it has the effect of dispersing stagnation and attacking poison, and is mostly used for external application. For example, "Compendium of Materia Medica" quotes "Danliao Fang" to use whole scorpions and gardenias, fried in sesame oil to blacken and remove the residue, and add yellow wax to make an ointment for external application to treat various sores and swelling; "Medicine Zhongshenxilu" uses this product to bake coke , consumed with rice wine, can eliminate submandibular swelling and hardness; "Experiential Prescription" Xiaojin Powder is made of Qianzi, Pinellia pinellia, Wulingzhi, etc. into fine powder and made into tablets to treat phlegm, scrofula, galls and other syndromes. In modern times, this product is used to mix equal parts of centipede, earthworm, and worm, grind it into powder or mix it with water and take it as a pill to treat lymphatic tuberculosis, bone and joint tuberculosis, etc. Whole scorpions, fried in sesame oil and yellow can also be taken orally to treat mumps.

　　3. Rheumatism and stubborn paralysis. This product is good at unblocking meridians and relieving pain. It is very effective in treating wind-cold-dampness paralysis that persists for a long time, muscle spasm, and even joint deformation. Whole scorpion can be mixed with a little musk into fine powder and taken with warm wine. It is effective in relieving pain, such as the whole scorpion formula ("Renzhai Zhizhi Prescription"); it is also often used in clinical practice with products that dispel wind, activate blood circulation, relax muscles and activate collaterals, such as Aconite, White Flower Snake, and Myrrh.

　　4. Intractable migraine headache. This product has a strong effect of searching for wind, dredging meridians and relieving pain. It is used to treat migraine headaches. It is effective when grinded into powder and swallowed alone. It is more effective when combined with gastrodia elata, centipede, chuanxiong, and silkworm.

　　[Usage and Dosage] Decoction and take, 3 to 6 g. Grind into powder and swallow, 0.6~1g each time. Appropriate amount for external use.

　　[Usage Note] This product is toxic and the dosage should not be excessive. Pregnant women should use with caution.

　　[Abstract from ancient books]

　　1. "Kaibao Materia Medica": "Cure various wind-induced rashes and strokes, hemiplegia, slanted mouth and eyes, astringent speech, and cramps in the hands and feet. ”

　　2. "Compendium of Materia Medica Congxin": "Cure dizziness due to wind, convulsions, squinting of the mouth and eyes... diseases caused by Jueyin wind and wood." ”

　　3. "Materia Medica Seeking Truth": "Quan Scorpion specializes in the liver and dispels wind. It can be used to treat fetal convulsions in children, hemiplegia in adults, slanted mouth and eyes, slurred speech, cramps in the hands and feet, malaria, cold and heat, deafness, and vaginal discharge, all caused by external winds and internal invasion." ”

　　【Modern Research】

　　1. Chemical composition: This product contains scorpion venom, a protein similar to snake venom neurotoxin. It also contains betaine, taurine, palmitic acid, stearic acid, bile, lecithin and ammonium salts. It also contains trace elements such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, and manganese. The most studied ones include scorpion toxin III, which has the strongest analgesic activity, and antiepileptic peptide (AEP).

　　2. Pharmacological effects: East Asian pincer scorpion venom and anti-epileptic peptide (AEP) purified from the crude venom have obvious anti-epileptic effects; whole scorpion has obvious anti-epileptic effects on strychnine, It has an antagonistic effect against convulsions caused by scorpion, pentylenetetrazol, etc.; the whole scorpion extract can inhibit thrombosis and anticoagulant effects in animals; the scorpion body and scorpion tail preparations have obvious analgesic effects on animal body pain or visceral pain; the analgesic effect of the scorpion tail is about 5 times stronger than that of the scorpion body; the whole scorpion water and alcohol extracts have inhibitory effects on human liver cancer and colon cancer cells respectively.

　　3. Clinical research: It is reported that oral administration of Shesei Powder, which consists of 2 parts of black snake, 1 part of whole scorpion and 1 part of centipede, can treat 52 cases of radicular pain and has good analgesic effect (New Chinese Medicine, 2002, 2:21); use 1 live whole scorpion, bake it on a green tile and grind it into fine powder, then take 1 fresh egg, make it into egg droplets, sprinkle the scorpion powder evenly on the egg droplets, and keep it hot while it is hot. Drink it and treat 42 cases of late-stage cancer pain, with good analgesic effects (Shizhen Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2000, 5:449); equal parts of whole scorpion, centipede, ground beetle, blood root, and ginseng notoginseng, dried and ground into powder, put into capsules, 0.3g each time, treated 50 cases of epididymal inflammatory induration, and achieved satisfactory results (Jiangsu Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2002, 1:27). In addition, whole scorpion and other medicines are used to treat epilepsy, cerebral thrombosis, rabies, mastitis, poliomyelitis, etc.

　　4. Adverse reactions: Excessive dosage of whole scorpion can cause headache, dizziness, increased blood pressure, palpitation, palpitations, irritability; severe cases, sudden drop in blood pressure, difficulty breathing, cyanosis, coma, and ultimately death due to respiratory paralysis. People with allergies may develop systemic red rashes and wheals, which may be accompanied by fever; in addition, it may also cause proteinuria, neurotoxicity, manifested as facial masseter muscle tonic spasm, and systemic exfoliative dermatitis. The main reasons for scorpion poisoning are: first, excessive dosage; second, allergic reactions in people with allergic constitution. Therefore, the dosage must be strictly controlled, and those with allergies should avoid using it. General therapy for the treatment of whole scorpion poisoning: For those with systemic symptoms of scorpion poisoning, intravenous infusion of 10% calcium gluconate; 10% chloral hydrate retention enema; intramuscular injection of 1 to 2 mg atropine; intravenous infusion of 100ml cortisone, and antihistamine drugs to prevent hypotension and pulmonary edema; anti-scorpion venom serum can also be injected to quickly relieve poisoning symptoms. Traditional Chinese medicine treatment: 30g honeysuckle, 9g lobelia, 15g each of Smilax poria and mung bean, 9g licorice, decoction in water.