What are the effects of removing the ovaries?

Removal of the ovaries may lead to problems such as endocrine disorders, loss of fertility, and osteoporosis. The ovary is an important endocrine organ in women. After removal, estrogen levels in the body will drop significantly, which may trigger a series of physiological changes.

1. Endocrine disorders

Estrogen secreted by the ovaries plays an important role in maintaining female secondary sexual characteristics and physiological functions. After removing both ovaries, estrogen levels drop sharply, which may lead to early menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, and mood swings. Some patients may also experience problems such as vaginal dryness and loss of sexual desire. For women who have not yet reached menopause, doctors may recommend hormone replacement therapy to relieve symptoms. Commonly used drugs include estradiol valerate tablets, conjugated estrogen tablets, etc.

2. Loss of fertility

The ovaries are where eggs are produced. After removal, a woman will permanently lose her ability to conceive naturally. For young patients with fertility needs, egg cryopreservation can be considered before surgery. Although unilateral oophorectomy retains some reproductive function, the ovarian reserve function may be reduced and the probability of pregnancy will be reduced. If menstrual irregularities or amenorrhea occur after surgery, timely medical evaluation is required.

3. Osteoporosis risk

Estrogen has the effect of inhibiting osteoclast activity, and bone loss may be accelerated after ovariectomy. The risk of lumbar spine and hip fractures increases significantly within 5 to 10 years after surgery. It is recommended to conduct bone density testing regularly and, if necessary, use alendronate sodium tablets, calcium carbonate D3 tablets and other drugs to prevent osteoporosis as directed by your doctor. It is necessary to ensure adequate daily intake of calcium and vitamin D, and to perform appropriate weight-bearing exercises.

4. Cardiovascular disease risk

Estrogen has a protective effect on the cardiovascular system and can regulate blood lipid metabolism and vascular endothelial function. After ovariectomy, LDL cholesterol may increase and the atherosclerotic process may accelerate. Blood pressure, blood lipids and other indicators need to be monitored after surgery, and saturated fat intake should be controlled in terms of lifestyle, including smoking cessation and limiting alcohol consumption. Doctors may prescribe lipid-lowering drugs such as atorvastatin calcium tablets depending on the situation.

5. Psychological impact

Ovarian removal may cause anxiety, depression and other emotional problems, especially in young women who have not had children. Some patients may have trouble identifying as women or experience post-traumatic stress reactions due to loss of fertility. It is recommended to seek help from a psychiatrist and, if necessary, use sertraline hydrochloride tablets and other antidepressants for a short period of time. Family members should provide adequate emotional support to help patients adapt to physical changes.

Postoperative long-term follow-up is required to monitor hormone levels, maintain a balanced diet, and appropriately supplement phytoestrogens such as soy products. Maintain regular exercise habits and perform aerobic exercise and resistance training 3-5 times a week. Avoid smoking and excessive drinking, and limit caffeine intake. Conduct regular gynecological examinations, breast screenings and bone density tests to detect and deal with possible complications in a timely manner. If severe menopausal symptoms or mood disorders occur, you should seek medical treatment promptly to adjust your treatment plan.