How to check endometrial thickness

Endometrial thickness can be checked through vaginal ultrasound, hysteroscopy, magnetic resonance imaging and other methods.

1. Vaginal ultrasound examination

Vaginal ultrasonography is the method of choice for assessing endometrial thickness. In this test, an ultrasound probe is inserted into the vagina to directly observe the endometrial structure through high-frequency sound wave imaging. The examination process is non-invasive and radiation-free, and can clearly display the three-layer structure of the endometrium and accurately measure the thickness of the double-layered endometrium. The examination is usually performed on days 5-7 of the menstrual cycle, when the endometrium is at its thinnest. The bladder needs to be emptied before the examination and no special preparation is required. Vaginal ultrasound also has a high detection rate for endometrial polyps, submucosal fibroids and other lesions.

2. Hysteroscopy

Hysteroscopy is an examination method that observes the shape of the uterine cavity and the condition of the endometrium under direct vision. By inserting an optical endoscope system into the cervix, changes in intimal color, blood vessel distribution, and thickness can be visually assessed, and microscopic lesions can be discovered and biopsied. This examination is suitable for patients whose ultrasound indicates endometrial abnormalities or abnormal uterine bleeding. The examination needs to be performed 3-7 days after menstruation is clear, and reproductive tract infection needs to be ruled out before surgery. Hysteroscopy can clearly display local areas of endometrial thickening, which is of great value for the early diagnosis of endometrial cancer.

3. Magnetic resonance imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging can display the anatomy of the uterus in multiple planes, and the boundaries between the endometrium and myometrium can be clearly distinguished through T2-weighted images. This examination has high accuracy in measuring endometrial thickness and is especially suitable for the diagnosis of uterine malformations combined with endometrial lesions. The examination does not require ionizing radiation, but it is time-consuming and expensive. Magnetic resonance can simultaneously evaluate the depth of myometrial invasion and is an important examination method for preoperative staging of endometrial cancer. Metal objects need to be removed before the examination, and those with metal implants in the body need to inform the doctor in advance.

4. Diagnostic curettage

Diagnostic dilation and curettage is performed by scraping endometrial tissue for pathological examination, which can not only evaluate changes in endometrial thickness but also clarify pathological diagnosis. This examination is suitable for postmenopausal patients with vaginal bleeding or ultrasound-detected endometrium thickening. The operation is performed under intravenous anesthesia and the entire endometrium specimen can be obtained. Pathological examination can identify simple hyperplasia, complex hyperplasia, atypical hyperplasia and other lesions. Pay attention to vaginal bleeding after surgery, and prohibit bathing and sexual intercourse within two weeks.

5. Saline infusion ultrasound

Saline infusion ultrasound is an examination technology that injects physiological saline into the uterine cavity during vaginal ultrasound to expand the endometrium. This method can more clearly display the tiny lesions in the intima and improve the accuracy of thickness measurement. It is especially suitable for cases of endometrium abnormalities that are difficult to identify with conventional ultrasound examination. The examination can be completed in an outpatient setting, does not require anesthesia, and is well tolerated by patients. During the operation, there may be a slight feeling of distension in the lower abdomen, and there may be temporary vaginal discharge after the examination.

It is recommended that women with menstrual abnormalities or infertility problems undergo regular endometrial examinations. Before the examination, you should avoid the menstrual period and wear loose clothing to facilitate the examination. Different examination methods have their own advantages, and clinicians will choose the appropriate solution based on the specific situation. Keep the vulva clean after the examination. If abnormal bleeding or abdominal pain occurs, seek medical attention promptly. Paying attention to daily changes in the menstrual cycle, maintaining a regular schedule and a balanced diet can help maintain the health of the endometrium.