Effects of having only one testicle

Having only one testicle usually does not have a significant impact on male fertility and sexual function. In most cases, the remaining testis can enlarge compensatoryly and maintain normal hormone secretion and sperm production. In a few cases, there may be abnormal hormone levels or a risk of decreased fertility.

When a congenital unilateral testicle is absent or a unilateral testicle remains after cryptorchidism surgery, the healthy testicle will compensate by increasing its size and enhancing its function. Such men can still produce enough testosterone to maintain secondary sexual characteristics and libido, and semen parameters may also be within normal ranges. Daily testicular trauma needs to be avoided, and hormone levels and sperm quality should be checked regularly. Unilateral testicular loss secondary to trauma, torsion or tumor resection may cause a temporary decrease in testosterone in the early stage, accompanied by fatigue or mood swings, but most recover through compensation within 3-6 months. It is recommended to test follicle-stimulating hormone and testosterone levels every year and pay attention to changes in bone density.

When patients with a history of bilateral cryptorchidism or Klinefelter syndrome retain a single testicle, the probability of impaired spermatogenic function increases. Such conditions may be accompanied by oligozoospermia or azoospermia and need to be evaluated by semen analysis. Some patients require androgen replacement therapy to improve symptoms of low testosterone. Those who have lost their testicles before puberty may have delayed penile development and require pediatric endocrinology intervention. When a single testicle is combined with varicocele, the risk of infertility is further increased, and ultrasound examination is recommended.

Maintain moderate exercise to enhance pelvic blood circulation, and avoid riding for long periods of time or wearing tight pants. A balanced intake of zinc and selenium helps sperm health. Oysters, nuts and deep-sea fish are good sources. Before planning for marriage and childbirth, a complete set of routine semen and sex hormone tests should be completed, and reproductive medicine experts should be consulted if necessary.