What are the six categories of specialized sports skills?

Currently, the six types of specialized sports skills generally recognized in the field of domestic physical education and sports training are ball sports skills, track and field sports skills, gymnastics sports skills, water sports skills, ice and snow sports skills, and fighting and defense sports skills.

This classification refers to the division logic of the "Compulsory Education Physical Education and Health Curriculum Standards" and is also in line with the classification habits of professional team training items. I have been a campus sports coach for 8 years, and I usually provide pre-job training to new teachers. The first thing I figured out was this classification framework. The logic of different types of skill training is quite different.

Take the ball game that everyone is most familiar with. Last month, we just led the school boys basketball team to play in the provincial middle school student league. Before the game, we practiced for almost a month on weak-side breakthroughs and pick-and-roll timing. These are the core of ball-specific skills. They are completely different from ordinary people's state of casually shooting the ball and playing. The core is the ability to control the ball and the cooperation logic in confrontation. Don’t think that track and field is just about running and shooting jumpers. I once led a student who practiced the 110-meter hurdles. It took him half a year to master the folding angle of the legs when crossing the hurdles and the rhythm of the steps to attack the hurdles. These action systems polished for a single event are the core of track and field-specific skills.

The core of gymnastics is the precise control of body posture. It is not just about horizontal and parallel bars and floor exercises as everyone thinks. Nowadays, cheerleading, rhythmic gymnastics, and even the niche basic somersaults of parkour are all included in this category. I used to lead a primary school cheerleading group to compete in the national competition. Just the center of gravity control of a three-person lift required the whole team to pay attention to the details for two weeks, and it would easily fall off even if it was even a centimeter away.

Water and ice and snow are both environment-dependent skills. They were merged into the "outdoor category" a few years ago. In recent years, as the popularity of the project has increased, they have long been separated into independent categories. I just took a group of primary school students to take the youth paddle board exam last month. The logic of adjusting the center of gravity when standing on the board when encountering waves is completely different from the sense of balance on land. People who have never practiced can't stand up when they first get up. This is the special nature of water skills. ； Not to mention ice and snow. After the Winter Olympics, many schools have opened skiing and curling classes. The angle of changing the edge of a single board and the control of the ice wiping force of curling are all special abilities that people who have never been exposed to must start from scratch.

Fighting and defense are categories that have been promoted more frequently on campus in recent years. Sanda, self-defense, and wrestling classes all fall into this category. The core is the reaction speed in confrontation and the standardization of offensive and defensive movements. In the past, self-defense classes were given to junior high school girls for public welfare. Just the logic of exerting force to break free from an arm lock required dozens of repeated exercises to form muscle memory. It cannot be learned by watching the video twice.

After talking about the mainstream classification, there are actually different voices in the circle. Many colleagues who promote mass sports and folk sports will replace the traditional folk sports (such as dragon and lion dance, martial arts routines, dragon boats, Cuju, etc.) with the fighting and defense categories. After all, the popularity of local folk sports is getting higher and higher. This classification is more in line with the actual scene of mass sports promotion. There is no absolute right or wrong between the two classifications, but the applicable scenarios are different. To put it bluntly, the classification itself is to facilitate teaching and training. There is no need to stick to standards, as long as it suits the current usage needs.