What are the contents of first aid and emergency health training?

Judging from our 8 years of experience in front-line first aid training, the core content of this type of training is set around the three goals of "dare to start, be able to save lives, and make fewer mistakes". There are no absolutely fixed modules. They are all adjusted according to the daily scenarios of the trainees. The core covers four major parts: fatal emergency treatment, correction of high-frequency accidental injuries, risk prediction and avoidance, and psychological emergency response. However, the teaching will not be divided into rigid parts, and it will be combined with actual scenarios.

The first thing to chew on must be the treatment of fatal emergencies such as cardiac arrest. After all, this is a skill that can really bring people back from hell. We just finished training in an office building in the West Second Ring Road last month. In the second week, a programmer suffered from ventricular fibrillation and fainted while working overtime. My colleagues in the same department happened to have learned the lesson. They knelt down and performed chest compressions on the spot. The security guard carried the AED downstairs and came over to perform a defibrillation. When rescued, 120 personnel had not yet arrived. There are still some differences in the focus of teaching in this area. One group believes that we should first give everyone reassurance and thoroughly explain the first aid exemption clause in the Civil Code to eliminate everyone's fear of being held responsible for wrong compressions. The other group believes that the operation must be detailed first, including the position, depth, and depth of chest compressions. Frequency, AED patch position, and pre-defibrillation precautions are all core. Muscle memory is the core. When we do training now, we usually pay attention to both ends. After explaining the legal basis, we will ask everyone to practice on a simulator. Each batch of students must press for 3 minutes with their own hands. Only when the hand feeling is correct can they pass the test.

After finishing the most fatal scene, the rest of the content is mostly small accidents that everyone encounters every day, but there are so many wrong operations among the people. For example, when we entered an old community for training, we met three aunts in succession who said they were spilled by oil while cooking at home. They applied soy sauce and toothpaste and ended up with pigmentation. There was also a high school student who had a sprained foot playing ball and rubbed it with his hands. It was so swollen that he couldn't wear shoes and was on crutches for two weeks. These are common occurrences. Misunderstandings will be revealed one by one during the training, and the Heimlich maneuver will be demonstrated in different situations for adults, infants, and pregnant women. Last year, a mother who just finished the class took a picture of her 1-year-old baby who had a longan stuck in her throat when she came home, and sent us a long thank you message. Oh, yes, there is also a small controversy here, such as whether to apply ice for 24 hours or 48 hours after an acute sprain. Different versions of sports medicine guidelines have slightly different opinions. We will not give you a dead answer during the lecture. We will tell you that if it is an ordinary sprain and there is no skin damage, give priority to pressure bandage and adjust the ice application duration according to the swelling. Just respond flexibly.

Many people think that first aid is just about getting started after an accident occurs. In fact, almost one-third of our current training is about pre-judgment and risk avoidance, which is the most effective part in reducing injuries. For example, training for outdoor workers focuses on the early signs of heat stroke and heat stroke. When something goes wrong, you and your colleagues should move to a shady area. Training for people in ski clubs focuses on how to deal with hypothermia. When training white-collar workers in office buildings on how to escape from a fire, they also specifically mention that not everyone has to rush downstairs. If the fire exit is blocked, closing the door and caulking, and signaling for help at the window will have a higher survival rate than rushing out. Another point that is easily overlooked is the correct way to call 120. When many people panic, they will just shout "Someone has fainted, come here", and they can't even tell where exactly. We will deliberately set aside 10 minutes for simulation exercises every time, requiring that the specific address, the patient's status, and whether there is any obvious trauma, so as to avoid delaying the ambulance's time.

In the past two years, we have also added a lot of psychological emergency content. There is no need to talk about obscure terms such as PTSD, they are just practical little details. For example, when you meet a frightened person who has been in a car accident, don't drag him around and ask "Are you okay?", squat down and hand him some warm water, and just stay with him and don't leave him alone. Also, if you encounter a more tragic accident, don't bear it afterward, talk to a friend or find a professional to talk it out, and don't keep your emotions in your heart.

Anyway, after doing training for so long, we never give students thick handouts to memorize. We always choose the most practical exercises. If you really encounter trouble, you will not panic and can make the most correct choice at the moment. It is more useful than memorizing many knowledge points.