Amber Having multiple follicles in the ovary is usually a normal physiological phenomenon, especially during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle in women of childbearing age. Polycystic ovarian changes may be caused by factors such as hormone fluctuations and polycystic ovary syndrome. It is recommended to combine ultrasound examination with hormone level assessment.
In women of childbearing age, multiple follicles develop simultaneously during each menstrual cycle, but usually only 1-2 dominant follicles mature and ovulate. When ultrasound shows that 5-12 small follicles with a diameter of 2-9 mm can be seen in a unilateral ovary, it is a normal follicle reserve. This type of follicles is controlled by follicle-stimulating hormone and naturally waxes and wanes with the menstrual cycle, without menstrual disorders or hyperandrogen symptoms.
If there are more than 12 small follicles on one ovary and are accompanied by symptoms such as oligomenorrhea, acne or hirsutism, you need to be alert to the possibility of polycystic ovary syndrome. The disease is related to insulin resistance and dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Ultrasound shows an increase in the size of the ovaries and a necklace-like arrangement of follicles. Long-term anovulation may lead to endometrial hyperplasia or infertility, which requires intervention and treatment.
It is recommended that those with doubts undergo six sex hormone tests and vaginal ultrasound monitoring on the 3rd to 5th day of menstruation. Maintaining a regular daily schedule, controlling high-sugar diet, and exercising moderately can help improve the environment for follicular development. If polycystic ovary syndrome is diagnosed, the doctor may prescribe short-acting contraceptive pills to adjust the cycle according to fertility needs, or use metformin to improve insulin resistance.
