Can ovarian cancer be detected at an early stage?

Ovarian cancer is often difficult to detect in its early stages, but some early cases may be identified through routine screening methods. Early symptoms of ovarian cancer are often subtle, and diagnosis primarily relies on methods such as transvaginal ultrasound examinations and tumor marker tests.

Transvaginal ultrasound examination allows for the observation of changes in the shape and structure of the ovaries, and can detect ovarian masses or cysts, particularly those with larger diameters. By directly contacting the cervix and vagina through the probe, it is possible to more clearly visualize the blood flow patterns in the ovaries as well as the characteristics of small lesions. Tumor marker testing primarily focuses on indicators such as CA125 and HE4, which tend to increase significantly in some patients with ovarian cancer. When used in combination, the two tests can increase the likelihood of detecting early ovarian cancer.

The ovaries are located deep within the pelvic cavity and are relatively small in size. In the early stages, tumors often do not cause significant space-occupying effects or notable discomfort. In the early stages of canceration, when the changes are confined to the epithelial cell layer of the ovary, it is very difficult to detect any abnormal masses during routine physical examinations. Due to the lack of specific symptoms, patients rarely seek medical attention on their own, and clinical diagnosis is often made at an advanced stage. High-risk factors include breast cancer gene mutations, endometriosis, and a history of never having given birth. It is recommended that such individuals undergo regular screenings.

It is recommended that women over the age of 40 undergo annual gynecological examinations, combined with tumor marker testing and imaging studies. If symptoms such as abdominal distension, pelvic discomfort, or loss of appetite persist without improvement, it is important to seek medical attention promptly. Maintaining healthy lifestyle habits can help reduce the risk of developing diseases.