Why not use chemotherapy for stage 1a ovarian cancer?

Stage 1a ovarian cancer usually does not require chemotherapy. Stage 1a is early-stage ovarian cancer. The tumor is limited to one or both ovaries and has not spread or metastasized. The probability of recurrence after complete surgical resection is low. The possible side effects of chemotherapy may outweigh the potential benefits.

The diagnosis of stage 1a ovarian cancer relies on pathological examination to confirm that the tumor has not broken through the ovarian capsule, there is no peritoneal effusion or positive cytology, and when the postoperative pathological staging is accurate, the patient's 5-year survival rate is higher. The operation adopts comprehensive staged surgery, including double adnexectomy of the uterus, omentectomy and multi-point peritoneal biopsy. Fertility-preserving surgery may be considered for some patients. The application of chemotherapy in early-stage ovarian cancer is controversial. Most international guidelines recommend that low-risk patients be exempted from chemotherapy, while high-risk patients require individualized evaluation. Chemotherapy is usually used for patients with poorly differentiated tumors, rupture, or capsular invasion, which are less common in stage 1a.

Patients with stage 1a ovarian cancer need to regularly review tumor markers and imaging after surgery to monitor signs of recurrence. Maintain a healthy lifestyle, supplement appropriate amounts of high-quality protein and antioxidant foods such as broccoli and tomatoes, and avoid high-fat diets. Moderate exercise helps regulate immune function, and it is recommended to do aerobic exercise 3-5 times a week. Psychological counseling is important to relieve patients' anxiety, and they can participate in professional support groups. If symptoms such as abdominal distension and pelvic pain occur, seek medical attention promptly.