Early signs of testicular cancer

In the early stages of testicular cancer, symptoms such as painless testicular enlargement, heaviness of the testicles, and dull pain in the scrotum may occur.

Testicular enlargement is the most common early manifestation of testicular cancer. Usually one testicle gradually enlarges, feels hard to the touch, and may have an uneven surface. The feeling of heaviness in the testicles results from the increased weight caused by the enlargement of the tumor, and patients often describe discomfort as the scrotum drops. Dull pain in the scrotum is mostly persistent, and in a few patients the pain may worsen after strenuous activities. Some patients may experience changes in the texture of their testicles, with the normal elasticity disappearing and becoming as hard as a stone. About 10%-20% of patients will experience low back pain, suggesting the possibility of retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis.

It is recommended that men perform a testicular self-examination once a month and compare the size and texture of the testicles on both sides by gently touching them with both hands while taking a shower. If you find an abnormal mass, you should seek medical examination promptly. The doctor may confirm the diagnosis through scrotal ultrasound, tumor marker detection, etc. Maintain a regular schedule and avoid long-term exposure to heavy metals and other carcinogens. Pay attention to choosing breathable underwear to prevent the scrotum area from being exposed to high temperature and humidity for a long time. A balanced diet and moderate exercise can help maintain normal immune function.