Prostate cancer treatment

Prostate cancer can be treated through active surveillance, surgery, radiation therapy, endocrine therapy, chemotherapy, etc. Prostate cancer may be related to factors such as genetic factors, chronic inflammation, and long-term high-fat diet. It usually presents with symptoms such as difficulty urinating, hematuria, and pelvic pain. Early diagnosis and treatment can help improve prognosis.

1. Active monitoring

For men with low-risk prostate cancer, especially those who are older or have other serious medical conditions, doctors may recommend active surveillance. Closely monitor changes in the condition through regular review of prostate-specific antigen testing, digital rectal examination, and prostate biopsy. If disease progression is found, the treatment plan will be adjusted promptly.

2. Surgical treatment

Radical prostatectomy is one of the main treatments for localized prostate cancer and is suitable for patients with a long life expectancy and no distant metastasis. Surgical methods include open surgery, laparoscopic surgery and robot-assisted surgery. Complications such as urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction may occur after surgery, and rehabilitation training is required to improve symptoms.

3. Radiotherapy

Radiation therapy includes external beam radiation therapy and brachytherapy. External beam radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells and usually requires multiple treatments. Brachytherapy works by implanting radioactive seeds directly into prostate tissue. Radiation therapy may cause adverse reactions such as radiation cystitis and proctitis, which can be relieved by drugs.

4. Endocrine therapy

Endocrine therapy controls tumor growth by inhibiting androgen production or blocking its action. Commonly used drugs include leuprolide injection, bicalutamide tablets and goserelin implants. The therapy is commonly used in patients with advanced or metastatic prostate cancer, but long-term use can cause side effects such as osteoporosis, hot flashes and muscle wasting.

5. Chemotherapy and targeted therapy

Chemotherapy drugs such as docetaxel injection are suitable for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Targeted drugs such as Lynparza can be used in patients with specific genetic mutations. Treatment plans need to be individually formulated based on the patient's physical condition, tumor characteristics, and previous treatments.

Patients with prostate cancer should maintain a balanced diet during treatment and increase their intake of high-quality protein, such as fish, poultry and soy products. Avoid high-fat and high-sugar diets and reduce your intake of red meat and processed meat products. Reasonable low-intensity aerobic exercise, such as walking, swimming, etc., can help improve physical function and mental state. Regular follow-up examinations should be conducted to monitor treatment effects and adverse reactions, and timely communication of changes in condition with doctors should be carried out.