Why does the cervical swab bleed when touched?

Bleeding when a cervical cotton swab is touched may be related to factors such as cervicitis, cervical polyps, cervical columnar epithelial ectopia, cervical trauma or cervical precancerous lesions.

1. Cervicitis

Cervicitis is an inflammatory reaction of the cervical mucosa, mainly caused by bacterial, viral or fungal infection. Patients often present with contact bleeding, increased secretions, and lower abdominal pain. Vaginal suppositories such as Baofukang suppository and Xiaomi suppository can be used for treatment, or oral anti-metritis tablets can be used. Sexual intercourse should be avoided during the acute phase and the vulva should be kept clean and dry.

2. Cervical polyps

Cervical polyps are benign tumors formed by the proliferation of cervical mucosa. They are fragile and prone to bleeding. Gynecological examination shows red or purple-red vegetation hanging from the cervix. It is recommended to perform polyp removal and send the postoperative specimens for pathological examination. Bathing and sexual intercourse are prohibited within two weeks after surgery to prevent wound infection.

3. Cervical columnar epithelial ectopia

Cervical columnar epithelial ectopia refers to the migration of the cervical columnar epithelium to the cervix and vagina. This area is rich in blood vessels and prone to bleeding. Most of them are physiological changes. If there is infection, you can use Sophora flavescens gel for local treatment. In severe cases, physical therapy such as cryotherapy or laser may be considered. Regular review is required after treatment.

4. Cervical trauma

Rough sex, gynecological procedures, or internal tampons may cause mechanical damage to the cervical mucosa. Active bleeding can be seen in fresh wounds, and the bleeding is usually small and can stop on its own. It is recommended to suspend sexual life and use recombinant human epidermal growth factor gel to promote mucosal repair. Recurrent bleeding requires ruling out coagulopathy.

5. Cervical precancerous lesions

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia may cause contact bleeding and needs to be screened by TCT and HPV testing. After diagnosis, cervical conization or circular electroresection is selected according to the degree of the lesion. Postoperative follow-up should be strengthened, cervical cytology should be reviewed every 3-6 months, and HPV vaccine should be vaccinated to prevent recurrence.

If contact bleeding occurs, you should seek medical examination promptly and avoid using vaginal douches by yourself. You should choose pure cotton underwear and change it every day, and change sanitary napkins frequently during menstruation. Annual gynecological examinations, including cervical cancer screening, are recommended. Maintaining a regular schedule and moderate exercise can help enhance local immunity in the cervix.