What does non-neoplastic ovarian cyst mean?

Non-neoplastic ovarian cyst refers to the non-neoplastic cystic structure formed on the female ovary, which is mostly caused by physiological or inflammatory changes.

1. Physiological cyst

Luteal cysts or follicular cysts formed during ovulation are typical physiological cysts that are usually associated with the menstrual cycle. Most of these cysts are less than 5 cm in diameter, have thin and smooth walls, and contain clear fluid. They may be accompanied by a slight feeling of bloating in the lower abdomen or changes in the menstrual cycle. Most of them are absorbed by themselves within 2-3 menstrual cycles and do not require special treatment. Changes can be observed through ultrasound follow-up.

2. Inflammation-related cysts

Fallopian tube and ovarian abscesses caused by pelvic inflammatory disease can form inflammatory cysts, often caused by chlamydia or gonococcal infection. Patients commonly experience symptoms such as persistent pain in the lower abdomen, fever, and abnormal vaginal discharge. The diagnosis requires a combination of gynecological examination, vaginal secretion testing and pelvic ultrasound. Treatment is mainly antibiotics, such as levofloxacin hydrochloride tablets combined with metronidazole tablets.

3. Endometriosis cyst

Chocolate cysts are formed due to the accumulation of periodic bleeding from ectopic endometrium. The clinical features are progressively worsening dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia and infertility. Ultrasound shows that the cyst is filled with fine light spots. Treatment requires choosing drugs or surgery based on age and fertility needs. Commonly used drugs include dienogest tablets, leuprolide acetate microspheres, etc.

4. Polycystic ovary syndrome

Multiple small follicular cyst-like changes appeared in both ovaries, accompanied by hyperandrogen manifestations such as oligomenorrhea, acne, and hirsutism. The onset is related to insulin resistance, and the diagnosis needs to be combined with hormone tests. Treatment includes lifestyle intervention and drug adjustment, such as metformin extended-release tablets to improve metabolism and ethinyl estradiol and cyproterone tablets to regulate cycles.

5. Pregnancy-related luteinized cysts

Bilateral multilocular cysts formed by chorionic gonadotropin stimulation after pregnancy can reach 10-15 cm in diameter. Most pregnant women have no symptoms, but some pregnant women may experience abdominal distension and discomfort. It usually resolves spontaneously in the second and third trimesters, requiring emergency surgical intervention only if torsion or rupture occurs.

It is recommended to have regular gynecological physical examinations and pelvic ultrasound examinations. If you experience persistent abdominal pain, abnormal vaginal bleeding or a cyst with a diameter of more than 5 cm, you should seek medical advice promptly. Avoid strenuous exercise or abdominal pressure, maintain a balanced diet and regular schedule to help regulate endocrine. Young women do not need to be overly anxious if they find a cyst, but they need to complete follow-up examinations as directed by their doctor.